J Trauma
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Hypertonic saline solution treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UCHS) leads to increased bleeding from injured vessels, fall in arterial blood pressure, and increased mortality. The effect of dehydration induced by either water deprivation or heating on this response was studied in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 32), normal rats; group 2 (n = 30), water deprivation for 12 hours; group 3 (n = 30), heating at 37 degrees C for 5 hours; and group 4 (n = 30), heating as in group 3 and water deprivation as in group 2. ⋯ Tail resection in group 1a resulted in bleeding of 4.9 +/- 0.3 mL, and fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 50 +/- 3 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Blood loss and fall in hematocrit in groups 2, 3, and 4 was significantly lower than in group 1. The fall in MAP and pulse rate was similar in all four groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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To determine if pre-existing conditions significantly improve the ability of current (TRISS and ASCOT) methods for predicting survival of patients with trauma from low falls. ⋯ Pre-existing conditions and male gender are significantly related to survival of patients with trauma from low falls, and should be included along with age and the various physiologic and anatomic measures currently being used to predict survival for those patients.
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To assess the teaching effectiveness of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Program among senior medical students. ⋯ Using highly reliable trauma OSCE stations we have demonstrated trauma management skills acquisition by senior medical students after the ATLS course.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prospective, randomized trial of survivor values of cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption as resuscitation endpoints in severe trauma.
The objective was to test prospectively supranormal values of cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery index (DO2I), and oxygen consumption index (VO2I) as resuscitation goals to improve outcome in severely traumatized patients. We included patients > or = 16 years of age who had either (1) an estimated blood loss > or = 2000 mL or (2) a pelvic fracture and/or two or more major long bone fractures with > or = four units of packed red cells given within six hours of admission. ⋯ The 50 protocol patients had a significantly lower mortality (9 of 50, 18% vs. 24 of 65, 37%) and fewer organ failures per patient (0.74 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.45) than did the 75 control patients. We conclude that increased CI, DO2I, and VO2I seen in survivors of severe trauma are primary compensations that have survival value; augmentation of these compensations compared to conventional therapy decreases mortality.
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The purpose of this study was to attempt to identify those blunt trauma patients in whom expensive diagnostic studies such as computed tomography and diagnostic peritoneal lavage are unnecessary to exclude intra-abdominal injury. The medical records of 1096 blunt trauma patients evaluated at an urban level I trauma center were reviewed. Because of the urgent need to exclude intra-abdominal hemorrhage in patients with hypotension (blood pressure < 90 mm Hg), and the difficulty in obtaining reliable information from abdominal examination in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores < 11 or spinal cord injury, 140 patients meeting these criteria were reviewed but excluded from statistical analysis. ⋯ All of the 44 significant intra-abdominal injuries occurred in the group of 253 patients that had either an abnormal abdominal examination, one of the statistically significant risk factors, or both, for a sensitivity of 100%. Of the 703 patients with a normal abdominal examination and no risk factors, none had a significant abdominal injury, for a negative predictive value of 100%. This study suggests that patients with either an abnormal abdominal examination or one of the two statistically derived risk factors require adjunctive diagnostic evaluation with diagnostic peritoneal lavage or computed tomography scan to exclude intra-abdominal injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)