J Trauma
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Population-based incidence rates of work-related burn injuries and associated risk factors specific to anatomic sites and degree of burn are not known. ⋯ Specific occupations are associated with degree of burn, anatomic site, and exposures. This information will be useful for targeted intervention among high-risk occupations and work groups.
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Unstable pelvic ring disruptions are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with multiple injuries. Early pelvic fixation provides stability and should diminish ongoing hemorrhage. A simple anterior single-pin pelvic external fixator can be applied rapidly and accurately to stabilize pelvic ring injuries as a part of the initial patient resuscitation of such patients. Simple anterior pelvic external fixation (SAPEF) frames can be used as either temporary, definitive, or supplementary fixation depending on the pelvic injury pattern. ⋯ Simple anterior pelvic external fixation can be applied rapidly using fluoroscopic guidance to direct accurate pin insertion and closed manipulative reduction of the pelvis. Depending on the specific pelvic ring injury pattern and clinical scenario, SAPEF can serve as a resuscitative temporary fixation device, as definitive pelvic treatment, or as a supplement for pelvic internal fixation implants.
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Among developed nations, the United States has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership, and the highest homicide rate. We examine whether the United States is merely an exception, or if a relationship between gun availability and homicide exists across all developed nations. ⋯ Across developed countries, where guns are more available, there are more homicides.