J Trauma
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Work place injuries have socioeconomic and workforce health implications. Results of clinical studies on the effect of alcohol (ETOH) ingestion on short-term outcomes in trauma are varied. We performed this study to estimate the prevalence of ETOH-related injury in the workplace and its relevance to outcomes. ⋯ The incidence of ETOH-associated workplace injury is potentially significant. Despite variable effects of ETOH ingestion on trauma outcomes, the presence of a ETOH (+) screen is independently associated with complications after occupational injury.
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Guidelines for the management of a difficult airway recommend performing a cricothyrotomy in a "can't intubate/can't ventilate" situation. We investigated the tidal volumes delivered by controlled and spontaneous ventilation by seven commercially available cricothyrotomy sets (cuffed: Quicktrach II, Portex Cricothyroidotomy Kit, and Melker cuffed cannula and uncuffed: Airfree, 4.0-mm ID Quicktrach, 6.0-mm inner diameter Melker, and 13-gauge Ravussin cannula) and two improvised devices (14-gauge intravenous cannula and spike and drip chamber device). ⋯ As expected, cuffed cricothyrotomy devices yield the best results during controlled, manual, and spontaneous ventilation. With uncuffed cricothyrotomy devices, ventilation becomes ineffective when the upper airway obstruction allows for an upper airway diameter>3 mm.
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Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at particular risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during their hospital course. In most researches on the prevention of thromboembolic events after SCI, the cause of SCI was usually limited to traumatic origin, and pharmaco-prophylaxis was usually started immediately after SCI irrespective of the presence of DVT. For this reason, it is difficult to determine the exact incidence of DVT after SCI from all possible causes in the absence of anticoagulation treatment. We sought to determine the incidence of DVT and the effect of mechanical treatments without chemical prophylaxis. ⋯ The incidence of DVT in patients with SCI routinely given mechanical prophylaxis without anticoagulation was higher when compared with those reported in the setting of routine pharmaco-prophylaxis. Anticoagulation should not be excluded from initial DVT prophylaxis measures in the SCI patients unless there is any ongoing bleeding or severe coagulopathy. Further studies will be necessary to get a more precise data and to understand the clinical relevance of these results.
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Open distal humerus fractures are associated with soft tissue and bony injury. This study compares the results of a staged protocol using initial joint spanning external fixation and delayed definitive fixation to acute definitive fixation. ⋯ Open distal humerus fractures had poor outcomes relative to normative functional scores; however, this is possibly due to more severe soft tissue injuries that were felt better managed with staged management at the time of presentation.
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) -786T→C and 894G→T polymorphisms have been associated with eNOS dysfunction, which might further compromise microcirculatory blood flow during sepsis and increase the risk of organ injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of those two eNOS gene polymorphisms with the severity of organ dysfunction and outcome in patients with severe sepsis. ⋯ Carriage of the GT genotype at 894 of eNOS gene was associated with the occurrence of shock and impaired organ function.