Cancer
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The aim of this study was to determine the response rates and toxicity of two regimens containing granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. ⋯ GM-CSF does not enhance the low response rate of IL-2-based immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. New active agents are needed to treat patients with this disease.
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When found in an otherwise benign biopsy, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has been associated with an increased risk of development of a subsequent invasive breast carcinoma. However, the association between LCIS and the risk of subsequent local recurrence in patients with infiltrating carcinoma treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy has received relatively little attention. ⋯ Breast-conserving therapy involving limited surgery and radiation therapy is an appropriate method of treating patients with invasive breast carcinoma with or without associated LCIS. Neither the presence nor the extent of LCIS should influence management decisions regarding patients with invasive breast carcinoma. [See editorial counterpoint and reply to counterpoint on pages 978-81 and 982-3, this issue.]