Cancer
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A study was undertaken to define the variables associated with tumor control and survival after single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with atypical and malignant intracranial meningiomas. ⋯ Tumor progression despite prior EBRT and larger tumor volume are negative predictors of tumor control and survival for patients having SRS for WHO grade II and III intracranial meningiomas.
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By using genome-wide methylation screening, the authors identified ring finger protein 180 (RNF180) as preferentially methylated in cancer. This study was undertaken to clarify its structure and functional role in gastric cancer. ⋯ RNF180 is a novel potential tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis and has potential clinical utility as a biomarker for gastric cancer patients.
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Multicenter Study
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and the associated lung neuroendocrine tumors: clinical experience with a rare entity.
Normal adult lungs contain pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). PNEC hyperplasia may be either reactive or idiopathic, and the idiopathic type is defined as diffuse idiopathic PNEC hyperplasia (DIPNECH). It is believed that DIPNECH is a neuroendocrine proliferative process associated with carcinoid tumors. The available data regarding this rare condition are very limited. The objective of the current study was to describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics of patients with DIPNECH and the effect of various therapeutic modalities on patient well being. ⋯ The association of lung neuroendocrine tumor with multiple nodules in women, together with complains of chronic cough and wheezing, should raise suspicion of DIPNECH. Whenever possible, these patients should undergo surgical excision of the dominant lesion, and somatostatin analogs may be considered for symptomatic or tumor control in patients with progressive disease.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the proportions of major oncogenic alterations and to examine survival in genotype-specific subsets of never-smokers with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ⋯ To the authors' knowledge, this was the largest comprehensive and concurrent analysis to date of 3 major oncogenic alterations in a cohort of East Asian never-smokers with NSCLC. Because survival outcomes differed among genotypes, and drugs that target specific alterations currently are available, genetic profiling to identify genotype-specific subsets can lead to successful treatment with appropriate kinase inhibitors.
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The benefit of adding radiation therapy after excision of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is widely debated. Randomized clinical trials are underpowered to delineate long-term outcomes after radiation. ⋯ The current analysis quantified the benefits of radiation after excision of DCIS but also revealed that radiation therapy may increase the likelihood of eventual mastectomy. Therefore, the authors concluded that patient age and preferences should be considered when making the decision to add or forgo radiation for DCIS.