Gastroenterology
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Oral-pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease is well recognized. The aim of this study was to establish the mechanisms of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia in these patients. ⋯ An incomplete UES relaxation and a reduced UES opening, both associated with high intrabolus pressure, are prevalent in Parkinson's disease. Oral-pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease is multifactorial, with the majority of patients showing oral and pharyngeal dysfunction, even before the clinical expression of dysphagia. Impaired pharyngeal bolus transport is the major determinant of dysphagia.
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Studies implicating primary sclerosing cholangitis as a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis have been limited by small sample size and referral bias. The aim of this study was to determine the relative risk and cumulative incidence of colorectal neoplasia in a large sample of patients with sclerosing cholangitis. ⋯ If primary sclerosing cholangitis is an additional risk factor for neoplasia in ulcerative colitis, the clinical significance of the risk seems to be low.