Aviat Space Envir Md
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The adverse physiological effects of flight, caused by ascent to altitude and its associated reduction in barometric pressure, have been known since the first manned balloon flights in the 19th century. It soon became apparent that the way to protect the occupant of an aircraft from the effects of ascent to altitude was to enclose either the individual, or the cabin, in a sealed or pressurized environment. ⋯ More recent research findings on the physiological and psycho-physiological effects of mild hypoxia have provided cause for renewed discussion of the "acceptability" of a maximum cabin cruise altitude of 8000 ft; however, we did not find sufficient scientific data to recommend a change in the cabin altitude of transport category aircraft. The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) should support further research to evaluate the safety, performance and comfort of occupants at altitudes between 5000 and 10,000 ft.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Apr 2008
Case ReportsPneumomediastinum diagnosed by chest radiography after centrifuge training.
A retrospective review of the human centrifuge training database in the Republic of Singapore Air Force was carried out for the period 1995-2006. Six cases of pneumomediastinum were reported in aircrew trainees who underwent ab initio human centrifuge training. Only two of the six cases presented with chest discomfort with or without neck pain, with the rest being incidental findings picked up during routine medical examination. ⋯ This is believed to be attributable to over-zealous or incorrect performance of the anti-G straining maneuver in trainees unaccustomed to a high G environment. Trainees subsequently underwent a structured weights training program and centrifuge training profiles were reviewed and revised to allow graduated G training. All affected trainees recovered uneventfully with conservative management, and were able to return to flying training.