Aviat Space Envir Md
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Aviat Space Envir Md · May 2013
ReviewVehicle submersion: a review of the problem, associated risks, and survival information.
Of all drownings, 3 to 11% occur in submersed vehicles, yet scientific study of this topic seems limited. ⋯ Prevention includes installing adequate guardrails, barriers, warning signs, and road markings, or placing roadways at a greater distance from water. Areas at high risk for flooding should have signs and public warning systems for flash flooding should be improved. Public education should also focus on the dangers of driving on flooded roads or bridges, and on ice roads.
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In-flight medical emergencies are difficult to manage and medical volunteers can be valuable when these events occur. The study objective was to examine the role of medical volunteers in medical emergencies which resulted in medical flight diversions. ⋯ Medical volunteers presented more often for more serious events, and may be due to the airline medical incident policy and medical legal concerns for volunteers. This study identified measures which may reduce medical diversions, including cabin crew training for stroke screening, and promote the use of the Medical Information Form (MEDIF) and indemnity forms. Recommendations for medical diversion may require more specialized training than is currently given in undergraduate medical courses, and may benefit from better communication with ground-based medical advice services.