Aviat Space Envir Md
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A retrospective study was performed of 10 yr of medical records to determine the type, severity, etiological factors and treatment of cold injury experienced by members of the British Antarctic Survey between 1986-95. ⋯ Cold injury is uncommon in Antarctica. Despite this, it warrants a continued high profile as under most circumstances it may be regarded as an entirely preventable occurrence.
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It has been known since World War II that exercise at altitude increases incidence of decompression sickness (DCS). However, data on the effects of specific exercise types at altitude are lacking. This research focused on the relative hazards of exercise without motion (isometric, straining) vs. dynamic exercise involving motion. The study also compared arm vs. leg exercise. ⋯ Under our test conditions, there was no difference between dynamic and isometric exercise in eliciting DCS. Exercise during exposure to the symptom-free altitude for 4 h produced a 40% incidence DCS.
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As we move into the next Millennium, increasing numbers of people will travel into space. Psychological screening methods will be relaxed on near-Earth missions, such as might occur on a space station or a lunar colony. Crewmembers on interplanetary missions such as a trip to Mars will have to deal with psychiatric problems themselves with no possibility of evacuating an affected individual. For these reasons, it is important for support personnel on Earth and crewmembers in space to be knowledgeable about psychiatric difficulties that might occur and their appropriate treatments. ⋯ Although much is known about psychiatric issues related to long duration manned space travel, more empirical work needs to be done during actual space missions.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Dec 1998
Flight coverall microclimate evaluation using a Japanese type sweating mannequin.
It is important to examine the microclimate of a pilot's clothing to evaluate the heat stress the clothing imparts on a pilot, but problems arise with regard to individual variation (phenotype of the pilot, sweating dose, wear condition of the flight coveralls, etc.). ⋯ TOM-III may be useful for microclimate evaluation and/or the development of clothing without considering individual variation against various climatic conditions.