Aviat Space Envir Md
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Sep 1997
Dibutyryl cAMP prevents increased vascular permeability caused by air embolism in isolated rat lungs.
Venous gas bubbles are routinely detected in astronauts undergoing extravehicular activities at lower suit pressure. Venous air embolism increases the pulmonary arterial pressure and the vascular permeability leading to acute lung injury. In the present study we evaluated the protective effect of dibutyryl cAMP, aminophylline, and pentoxifylline on the pulmonary vasculatures after air embolism. ⋯ Our results suggest that DBcAMP prevents the increase in vascular permeability caused air embolism. The ineffectiveness of aminophylline and pentoxifylline on the prevention of air embolism-induced lung injury remains for further investigation.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · May 1997
Hyperthermia-induced cardiac arrest in monkeys: limited efficacy of standard CPR.
Successful resuscitation from heatstroke cardiopulmonary arrest has been only partially explored and the data covering the post resuscitation pathophysiology leading to secondary arrest is, in most cases, insufficient. ⋯ We conclude that experimentally-induced heatstroke can be transiently reversed by standard resuscitative procedures, but is followed by a delayed, irreversible, secondary shock state, which could not be prevented by the treatment we employed. We were, however, able to document in detail the pathophysiologic processes involved in the resuscitation, and the irreversible shock one sees after "successful" CPR.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Jan 1997
At work and play in a hazardous environment: injuries aboard a deployed U.S. Navy aircraft carrier.
A deployed U.S. Navy aircraft carrier is a hazardous environment where work and recreation intermingle. Injuries causing time lost from assigned duties may impact aviation safety and operational readiness. This descriptive study examines injuries sustained on the flight deck, in the hangar bay, or in the gym of a deployed aircraft carrier, focusing on those injuries resulting in lost duty days. ⋯ Although recreational injuries are less frequent than job-related injuries in the study population, they contribute disproportionately to lost duty time. Injury prevention in similar environments should address recreational as well as work-related activities.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Jan 1997
Military and civilian emergency aeromedical services: common goals and different approaches.
Military and civilian organizations in the U. S. operate separate but parallel emergency aeromedical services. Despite common origins, military and civilian approaches and methods have diverged. ⋯ Civilian programs fly with two highly trained medical technicians, nurses or physicians, equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment. Army helicopters fly with one lesser-trained medical crewmember and less equipment. Improved combat casualty care and battlefield survival may be possible by increasing both the number and training of the medical attendants on Army aircraft.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Dec 1996
Case ReportsPneumomediastinum during flight secondary to facial fractures--a case report.
A case of inflight cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum secondary to a "blowout" fracture of the right lateral orbit and maxillary sinus is described. A 43-yr-old male was struck on the face by another passenger during a flight from Australia to Greece. The cause of the emphysema and its fast progression is discussed with respect to the anatomic relations of the facial and cervical subcutaneous space and the mediastinum. ⋯ This case demonstrates a potential complication of a "blowout" orbital fracture during flight. The condition should be recognized by emergency department personnel with the patient kept under observation and symptomatic treatment initiated. Prophylactic antibiotics should be considered.