Aviat Space Envir Md
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Nov 1983
Transdermal scopolamine in the prevention of motion sickness: evaluation of the time course of efficacy.
This study evaluated the time course of efficacy of transdermal scopolamine in the prevention of motion sickness induced by exposure to coriolis stimulation in a rotating chair. We measured levels of efficacy, quantified side effects and symptoms, and determined inter- and intra-subject variability following use of transdermal scopolamine. The response to transdermal scopolamine was highly variable, although overall we recorded a 40% improvement (p less than 0.05) in test scores 16-72 h after application of the transdermal system. ⋯ The improvement was not due to the artifactual repression by scopolamine of selected symptoms of motion sickness. An unexpectedly high incidence of side effects was reported. It was concluded that the therapeutic use of transdermal scopolamine be evaluated individually and that individuals be cautioned that subsequent usage may not always be effective.
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We report a case of cerebral air embolism caused by pulmonary barotrauma in a diver. Severe neurological symptoms, deterioration during decompression, and a prolonged, complicated, initial pressure profile indicated the need for saturation therapy. Few clinical cases treated by saturation recompression therapy (SRT) have been reported since its introduction in 1978 (1,5). SRT is an effective alternative for the management of complicated and persistent accidents involving intravascular bubbles.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Jul 1983
Experiences in medical coverage of airport disasters at Logan International Airport in Boston.
Experiences in providing medical coverage for airport disasters at Logan International Airport (LIA) in Boston are presented from 1963-1982. The paper traces the history of the medical facility at LIA and describes the factors to be considered in planning disaster coverage at a major airport. It analyzes the aircraft accidents that have occurred at LIA using the type of accident as a guide for medical planning. ⋯ Various components of medical action, from the time of notification to rescue and triage, are presented discussing the need for each component. The Medical Action Flow chart and alternate schematic arrangements for rescue, triage, and evacuation are presented in sketches. The need for an overall Medical Command and the concepts of Primary Triage and Secondary Triage are explained.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Jun 1983
Review Comparative StudyA review of the literature concerning resuscitation from hypothermia: Part II--Selected rewarming protocols.
In Part I of this paper, a description of the problems confronted in resuscitation from immersion hypothermia was presented and the debate between passive and active rewarming approaches was summarized. In this paper, a review of the literature concerning selected specific rewarming protocols is given. The protocols considered are: peritoneal irrigation, gastrointestinal rewarming, extracorporeal blood rewarming, airway rewarming, and diathermy.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Dec 1982
The effects of rest and exercise in the cold on substrate mobilization and utilization.
The effects of altering skin and core temperature by cold exposure and exercise on substrate mobilization and utilization were examined. Six subjects between the ages of 22-27 years rested and exercised in neutral and cold environments to produce 1) a neutral core and neutral skin temperature, 2) a neutral core and cold skin temperature, and 3) a cold core and cold skin temperature. Free fatty acid (FFA), glucose (GL), Lactate (LA), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) concentrations were measured along with heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and oxygen consumption (VO2) after 30, 60, and 90 min of exposure to each condition. ⋯ Plasma FFA concentration was also significantly elevated and R values were reduced during exercise when both Tsk and Tre were lowered compared to exercise in a neutral environment. No significant differences in substrate concentration, hemoconcentration, or R values were observed when Tsk alone was reduced at rest or during exercise. It is concluded that a preferential utilization of fat occurs during exercise in the cold when both Tsk and Tre are reduced compared to exercise in a neutral environment.