American journal of veterinary research
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To determine the effect of bilateral blockade of the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve on soft palate function in horses. ⋯ A repeatable, reversible model of DDSP exists that allows further study of the disease. Dysfunction of the neuromuscular group, pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve and palatinus and palatopharyngeus muscles, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of clinical DDSP.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of isoflurane with sevoflurane for anesthesia induction and recovery in adult dogs.
To compare mask anesthesia induction and recovery characteristics between 2 inhalant anesthetic agents: isoflurane and sevoflurane. ⋯ On the basis of these results, sevoflurane is a suitable inhalant anesthetic for mask induction and recovery in adult dogs and appears to have some advantages over isoflurane, including faster and smoother mask induction.
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To study effects of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with large tidal volumes and addition of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on maldistribution of ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency. ⋯ Use of PEEP during IPPV changes distribution of inspired gas. Increased in PaO2 can be attributed to improved ventilation-perfusion, especially in the dependent lung, in which previously collapsed lung units might have been reopened and participated again in gas exchange after redistribution of inspired gas. The most pronounced effects of IPPV and PEEP were associated with high airway pressures, which are likely to offset the beneficial effects of the increase of PaO2 on total oxygen availability to the tissues because of the expected negative effects on cardiac output.
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To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia induced and maintained with isoflurane (ISO) in cats. ⋯ Hypoventilation associated with untoward physiologic responses to 2.0 MAC may be overcome with controlled ventilation, but results in marked reduction in cardiovascular performance; thus, use of 2.0 MAC ISO should be avoided in cats.
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To determine reliability of noninvasive methods of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 concentration (PEtCO2), and blood pressure (BP) determination during periods of hypoxemia and systemic arterial BP perturbations. ⋯ The pulse oximeters tested provided an accurate estimation of SaO2 at SpO2 > 70%. A PEtCO2 value > 55 mm of Hg may represent hypercapnia that is more profound than indicated. Systolic BP determinations were most accurate during hypotensive states and least accurate during hypertension. Diastolic BP measurements were generally more accurate during hypertension than normotension. Accuracy is not appreciably affected by hypotension resulting from vasodilation or blood loss. The tendency to underestimate systemic arterial BP should not interfere with trend detection during unstable clinical conditions.