Metabolism: clinical and experimental
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Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin have been associated with the regulation of energy balance. The objectives of this study were to determine whether total ghrelin and PYY after a standardized meal predict appetite scores and ad libitum energy intake (EI) and to examine the relationship between total ghrelin and PYY and postprandial energy expenditure (PEE). Twenty-five premenopausal women (age, 50.4 +/- 2.0 years; body mass index, 23.5 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2)) were studied. ⋯ Appetite scores were consistently associated with ad libitum EI at lunch (r = -0.51 to 0.40, P < .05), whereas no association between EI and prelunch total ghrelin and PYY was observed. Finally, partial correlation analyses revealed that total PYY was a significant independent correlate of PEE at 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes (r = 0.37-0.51, P = .05). These findings provide evidence that appetite scores are better correlates of EI than are circulating levels of total PYY or ghrelin and that total PYY could be involved in the regulation of PEE.
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Elevated cardiovascular mortality has been shown to be associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, the contribution of tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to increased arterial stiffness is unclear. We examined whether skin autofluorescence, a recently developed marker of tissue accumulation of AGEs, is associated with arterial stiffness in 120 Japanese patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 110 age- and sex-matched control subjects. ⋯ Multiple regression analyses showed that, in the group of all subjects, association of skin autofluorescence with PWV was significant even after adjustment for other covariates including the presence of ESRD and age. Moreover, for ESRD subjects, a significant association between skin autofluorescence and PWV was found, independent of age. Our findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of skin autofluorescence in people of color and demonstrate clinically for the first time the potential involvement of tissue accumulation of AGEs in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness.