Metabolism: clinical and experimental
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial.
This pilot study evaluated whether adding phentermine to liraglutide would induce further weight loss in participants who had previously lost weight with liraglutide alone. ⋯ The combination of liraglutide and phentermine appeared to be well-tolerated but did not produce additional clinically meaningful weight loss in individuals who had already lost 12.6% of initial weight with liraglutide alone.
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The effects of diets high in refined grains on biliary and colonic bile acids have been investigated extensively. However, the effects of diets high in whole versus refined grains on circulating bile acids, which can influence glucose homeostasis and inflammation through activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5), have not been studied. ⋯ Diets with comparable macronutrient and energy composition, but differing in carbohydrate source, affected fasting plasma bile acids differently. Specifically, a diet characterized by whole grains, legumes, and fruits and vegetables compared to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars led to modest increases in concentrations of TLCA, TCA and GCA, ligands for FXR and TGR5, which may have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Treatment of reactive hypoglycemia with the macrobiotic Ma-pi 2 diet as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: The MAHYP randomized crossover trial.
Nutritional therapy is recommended for management of reactive hypoglycemia (RH), a condition characterized by hypoglycemia that occurs within four hours after a meal. The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We explored the effect of this diet on outcomes in non-diabetic individuals with RH. ⋯ The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet reduced blood glucose excursions during the day, thereby facilitating glycemic control in subjects with RH. The Ma-Pi 2 diet represents an effective nutritional tool for management of RH.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Improvement of the omega 3 index of healthy subjects does not alter the effects of dietary saturated fats or n-6PUFA on LDL profiles.
Dietary fat composition is known to modulate circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels. Although supplementation with long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) has been shown to reduce plasma triglyceride levels, the effect of the interactions between LCn-3PUFA and the major dietary fats consumed has not been previously investigated. ⋯ Improvement on the omega 3 index of healthy subjects did not alter the known effects of dietary saturated fats and n-6PUFA on LDL profiles.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Kinetics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids when co-administered with saturated or omega-6 fats.
Absorption of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) has been shown to be potentiated when consumed with a high fat meal. However, the effect of different dietary fats on n-3PUFA absorption and postprandial kinetics has not been previously studied. ⋯ These results suggest that the expected competition between LCn-3PUFA and n-6PUFA at the absorption level is unlikely; therefore competition at the enzymatic level should be primarily responsible for differences in their metabolic and clinical effects. Trial registered with the Australia New Zealand Trial registry as ACTRN12612000654853.