Neurosurg Focus
-
A successful nerve transfer surgery can provide a wealth of benefits to a patient with cervical spinal cord injury. The process of surgical decision making ideally uses all pertinent information to produce the best functional outcome. ⋯ If available preoperatively, knowledge gained from such an evaluation could significantly alter the reconstructive surgical plan and avoid poor results. The authors describe their institution's approach to the assessment of patients with cervical spinal cord injury who are being considered for nerve transfer surgery in both the acute and chronic setting and broadly review the neurophysiological techniques used.
-
Case Reports
Surgical treatment of a complex Grade III Spetzler-Martin posterior temporal arteriovenous malformation.
Grade III Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a distinct subgroup of brain AVMs. Their variety in terms of location, type of venous drainage, and size makes them the most heterogenous group in the AVM classification. The surgical risk of treatment is also variable depending on the specifics of a given Grade III AVM. ⋯ The detail of the AVM resection is described in the video clip. A total resection was achieved, and the patient's neurological examination was intact after the procedure. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/fj5Cxw3kpXQ .
-
Case Reports
Contralateral transcallosal resection of a ventricular body arteriovenous malformation: 3D operative video.
A 46-year-old male presented with an incidentally discovered left ventricular body arteriovenous malformation (AVM). It measured 2 cm in diameter and had drainage via an atrial vein into the internal cerebral vein (Spetzler-Martin Grade III, Supplementary Grade 4). Preoperative embolization of the posterior medial choroidal artery reduced nidus size by 50%. ⋯ This case demonstrates strategic circumferential disconnection of feeding arteries (FAs) to the nidus, the use of aneurysm clips to control large FAs, and the use of dynamic retraction and importance of a generous callosotomy. Postoperatively, he was neurologically intact, and angiogram confirmed complete resection. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/j0778LfS3MI .
-
Case Reports
Microsurgical resection of a high-grade occipital arteriovenous malformation after staged embolization.
The authors demonstrate the case of a 16-year-old girl with a large symptomatic occipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The staged embolization was performed to downgrade the AVM from Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grade IV (Supplementary S-M Grade 7) to Grade III (Supplementary S-M Grade 5). The patient developed a subacute progressive visual field defect after the final time of embolization. ⋯ Postoperatively, good radiological results were achieved, and the patient reported an improvement in her symptoms. The detailed operative technique and surgical nuances (including the surgical features of the AVM postembolization) of the marginal dissection and removal are illustrated in this video atlas. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/2MZq5patcJI .
-
OBJECTIVE Pan-brachial plexus injury (PBPI), involving C5-T1, disproportionately affects young males, causing lifelong disability and decreased quality of life. The restoration of elbow flexion remains a surgical priority for these patients. Within the first 6 months of injury, transfer of spinal accessory nerve (SAN) fascicles via a sural nerve graft or intercostal nerve (ICN) fascicles to the musculocutaneous nerve can restore elbow flexion. ⋯ A Monte Carlo PSA demonstrated that at a willingness-to-pay of $50,000/QALY gained, SAN transfer dominated in 88.5% of iterations, FFMT dominated in 7.5% of iterations, ICN dominated in 3.5% of iterations, and no treatment dominated in 0.5% of iterations. CONCLUSIONS This model demonstrates that nerve transfer surgery and muscle transplantation are cost-effective strategies in the management of PBPI. These reconstructive neurosurgical modalities can improve quality of life and lifelong earnings through decreasing disability.