Minerva anestesiologica
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Minerva anestesiologica · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of speed of intrathecal injection on unilateral spinal block by 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine. A randomized, double-blind study.
To evaluate if the speed of intrathecal injection affects the lateral distribution of spinal block during unilateral spinal anaesthesia with 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine. ⋯ Extremely reduced speeds of intrathecal injection did not improve the lateral distribution of spinal block when injecting 8 mg of 1% hyperbaric bupivacaine through a pencil-point directional spinal needle.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Jan 1999
Review[Preemptive analgesia or balanced periemptive analgesia?].
"Preemptive analgesia" means that analgesia given before the painful stimulus prevents or reduces subsequent pain. The concept of preemptive analgesia originates from basic science and experimental studies. However, in some clinical studies preemptive effect is not always present. ⋯ Postoperative pain can be reduced making a pharmacological treatment before surgery, for the whole time of painful stimulus. For this reason, the term "preemptive analgesia", like "analgesia given before surgery" is not adequate. The authors suggest that the concept of prevention of postoperative pain is well defined by the term of "balanced periemptive analgesia"; it is a new approach that use many modalities of analgesia in different times to prevent and control painful stimulus for the whole time of its origin: before and/or during operation and, if necessary, in the postoperative period for the residual pain.