World Neurosurg
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To describe our experience in treating esophageal and pharyngeal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery. ⋯ Esophageal and pharyngeal injury after cervical spinal surgery may occur either directly due to spinal trauma and vigorous intraoperative retraction or due to chronic irritation with cervical implants. In cases of perforation associated with infection, various surgical modalities, including primary closure and reinforcement with a flap, could be considered depending on factors such as esophageal defect size, infection severity, and timing of recognition of injury.
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Surgical resection of a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) poses a technical challenge because of the fragility and number of small feeding and draining vessels around the nidus. Acquiring knowledge of the optimal force applied to such tissue is important in surgical performance and education. ⋯ Excessive force at the tool tip may result in injury to fragile vessels during AVM surgery. A quantifiable metric through force sensing instruments can detect and predict the occurrence of such injury. Such an instrument may be ideal for resident training and evaluation.
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In patients with intracerebral hematoma (ICH), it is well known that brain atrophy occurs in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma. The present study aimed to investigate contralateral hemispheric volume changes in patients with ICH as well as related factors. ⋯ Contralateral parenchymal volumes were significantly decreased at the 3-month follow-up brain computed tomography scan. These findings may offer important clinical information on the remote brain injury of ICH.
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Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are severe conditions that can cause severe neurologic deficits and mortality. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with bAVM growth and rupture remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the potential role of PLOD2 (procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2) in the pathophysiology of bAVM. ⋯ This study reports for the first time the expression of PLOD2 in bAVM and suggests a potential role of PLOD2 in bAVM pathophysiology. These findings contribute to an better understanding of the microenvironment of bAVM and may foster the development of improved therapeutic strategies for this disease.