World Neurosurg
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Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), a rare cerebrovascular condition, is induced by blocked cerebral venous reflux, often presenting nonspecific symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain may improve the often elusive diagnosis of CVT. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and full spectrum of such MRI findings are poorly understood. ⋯ We conclude that such cases may occur where CVT appears tumor-like on MRI, including mass effect and abnormal contrast enhancement. Therefore, for young and middle-aged adults with episodic and progressive headaches presenting such MRI findings, the possibility of CVT should always be considered. MRI combined with MR venography should be used as the preferred strategy for early diagnosis of CVT.
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Machine learning (ML) is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that gives computer systems the ability to learn data, without being explicitly programmed. Currently, ML has been successfully used for optical character recognition, spam filtering, and face recognition. The aim of the present study was to review the current applications of ML in the field of neuro-oncology. ⋯ MLBAs in neuro-oncology have been shown to predict patients' outcomes more accurately than conventional parameters in a retrospective analysis. If their high diagnostic accuracy in imaging analysis and detection of somatic mutations are corroborated in prospective studies, the use of tissue diagnosis or liquid biopsy might be curtailed. Finally, MLBAs are promising to help guide targeted therapy, can lead to personalized medicine, and open areas of study in the cancer cellular signaling system, not otherwise known.
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We described the imaging findings of small cell lung carcinoma metastasis to atypical meningioma and the importance of magnetic resonance imaging perfusion graphics at the differential diagnosis. To be able to determine subtypes of meningiomas and differentiate whether they are malignant or benign may provide a preoperative idea to determine prognosis and surgical procedure.
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The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) is a concise comorbidity-based risk stratification tool that has been shown to predict the occurrence of adverse outcomes following various orthopedic surgeries. ⋯ Higher mFI-5 scores were associated with increased postoperative morbidity following elective 1- to 2-level posterior lumbar fusions.
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Interhypothalamic adhesions (IHAs) are horizontally oriented parenchymal bands of tissue connecting the medial hypothalamic regions across the third ventricle. They can be assessed with high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. ⋯ MR imaging allows one to preoperatively identify most anatomic anomalies of the ventricular system and the floor of the third ventricle. However, an IHA that may prevent an approach to the floor of the third ventricle due to his thickness may be missed. This can be recognized only on direct vision, underlining the importance of endoscopy in neurosurgery.