World Neurosurg
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Social media is becoming increasingly prominent in neurosurgery. However, the specifics of using social media as a tool for patient education have not yet been synthesized. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of opportunities, challenges, and best practices in the use of social media for patient education in neurosurgery. Our findings may guide neurosurgeons, departments, and institutions in developing effective patient education practices using social media. ⋯ Social media can be a transformative force for patient education in neurosurgery.
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The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in neurosurgery has become more prominent in recent years for surgical training, preoperative planning, and patient education. Several smaller studies are available using 3D printing; however, there is a lack of a concise review. This article provides a systematic review of 3D models in use by neurosurgical residents, with emphasis on training, learning, and simulation. ⋯ 3D printing technology is rapidly expanding in health care and neurosurgery in particular. The technology is quickly improving, and several studies have shown the effectiveness of 3D printing for neurosurgical residency education and training.
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Review Case Reports
Accessory Nerve Disruption Following Core Needle Biopsy: A Review of Iatrogenic Accessory Nerve Injuries and an Illustrative Case.
Iatrogenic spinal accessory neve (SAN) injury is a rare complication. It most commonly occurs after open lymph node biopsies. Needle biopsy is thought to present lower risk to the SAN. ⋯ This case represents an unusual case of complete SAN disruption and palsy after core needle biopsy treated with sural nerve grafting. We review the literature on iatrogenic SAN injuries, diagnostic strategies, options for SAN surgical repair, and outcomes. SAN injuries can be challenging to diagnose but are amenable to prompt surgical options based on the mechanism and type of SAN injury.
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Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are dynamic neurovascular disorders that occur mainly in young adults, presenting an annual risk of rupture of 2% - 4% per year.1 They can be asymptomatic, representing an incidental radiologic finding, or present with neurologic deficits according to their brain location, size, and presence or absence of bleeding.2,3 AVMs located in eloquent areas4 represent a great challenge for neurosurgeons, sometimes directed to alternatives therapies (e.g., embolization, radiotherapy) due to the difficulty in planning and surgical technique. Despite the complexity, we consider that there is benefit to removing these lesions; this can be done safely, as with the adequate microsurgical strategy and neuroanatomic knowledge. ⋯ He presented with intermittent left-hand paresthesia followed by an episode of involuntary movements in the left arm without loss of consciousness and with spontaneous resolution. Angiography showed an AVM feed by branches of the middle cerebral artery and multiple venous drainage for the Trolard complex and superficial middle cerebral vein, with a 4-cm nidus, making it grade III in the Spetzler-Martin classification.4 The patient underwent surgery with total resection of the lesion without any complication or new neurologic deficits.
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The intermediate condylar canal, which lies lateral to the occipital condyles and medial to the jugular foramen, is rarely mentioned in textbooks, even those devoted to the skull base. Therefore the present anatomic study was performed to better elucidate these structures. ⋯ Knowledge of the anatomic variants at the base of the skull may help minimize complications during surgical procedures that employ a paracondylar or transcondylar approach or approaches to the jugular foramen.