World Neurosurg
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Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in childhood, presents unique challenges in management due to its genetic basis and abnormal cellular proliferation. Management has evolved from surgical excision to multimodal approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This review explores trends in epidemiology, pathophysiological insights, and treatment evolution to delineate optimal therapeutic strategies. ⋯ Management of orbital RMS has evolved significantly, with a current emphasis on multimodal treatment strategies. Future research should focus on optimizing therapeutic approaches to balance effective tumor control with the preservation of orbital function and esthetics.
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Review Historical Article
Cranial surgery in antiquity: the size of trepanations during the Neolithic period in France.
The trepanation, a surgical procedure performed on the skull, finds its roots in prehistoric times. This investigation delves into the analysis of the trepanned skulls housed at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris, focusing on those found in France, a region abundant in archaeological evidence of early neurosurgical techniques. With the opportunity to scrutinize these human remains, our study aimed to analyze the dimensions of Neolithic trepanations across 41 skulls. ⋯ Additionally, we successfully applied a straightforward protocol to determine the perforation area in ten Neolithic trepanations. These findings shed light on the medical practices of ancient civilizations, particularly in France during the Neolithic era. Moreover, this study underscores the significance of museum collections as valuable resources for scientific inquiry and the historical understanding of medicine.
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Brain metastases (BMs) are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that provides insights into brain microstructural alterations and tensor metrics and generates tractography to visualize white matter fiber tracts based on diffusion directionality. This systematic review assessed evidence from DTI biomarker alterations in BMs and comparable tumors such as glioblastoma. ⋯ DTI metrics provide noninvasive biomarkers for distinguishing BMs from other tumors and predicting outcomes. Key metrics included peritumoral FA and mean diffusivity.
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Multicenter Study
Anterior cervical decompression and fusion for neck pain in the patients with cervical spondylosis: pooled results of three prospective cohort studies.
Currently, there is a lack of large-scale prospective cohort data to explore the response of neck pain to anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with neck pain can achieve consistent neck pain relief following ACDF regardless of preoperative neurological symptoms and number of surgical segments. ⋯ This study found that ACDF significantly improved neck pain in patients with cervical spondylosis, regardless of preoperative neurological symptoms and number of surgical segments.
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To study associations of clinical characteristics and treatment choice with functional outcome, mortality, and time to death in a national sample of aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage patients. ⋯ The patient selection in Sweden after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage showed similar values for dGOSE, 1-year mortality, and survival probability between patients treated with microsurgery or endovascular technique. Poor dWFNS, higher age, and DIND were significantly associated with unfavorable dGOSE, mortality, and survival probability. Pupil dilatation was significantly associated with mortality and survival probability.