World Neurosurg
The most recent articles from:
World Neurosurg
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Comparative Study
Canadian health care and neurosurgery: the good, the bad and the ugly.
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The lower cranial nerves must be identified to avoid iatrogenic injury during skull base and high cervical approaches. Prompt recognition of these structures using basic landmarks could reduce surgical time and morbidity. ⋯ Comprehensible landmarks can be defined to help expose the lower cranial nerves to avoid injury to this complex region.