The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySteroid Sex Hormones, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, and Diabetes Incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Steroid sex hormones and SHBG may modify metabolism and diabetes risk, with implications for sex-specific diabetes risk and effects of prevention interventions. ⋯ Estrogens and T predicted diabetes risk in men but not in women. SHBG and its polymorphisms did not predict risk in men or women. Diabetes risk is more potently determined by obesity and glycemia than by sex hormones.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialFGF21 Response to Critical Illness: Effect of Blood Glucose Control and Relation With Cellular Stress and Survival.
Critical illness is hallmarked by mitochondrial damage, which is attenuated by targeting normoglycemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) via the integrated stress response (ISR). ⋯ Critical illness is a potent inducer of serum FGF21 and of liver fgf21 expression, possibly driven at least in part by mitochondrial damage and the ISR, which were all attenuated by targeting normoglycemia.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2015
Bone Marrow Function After (131)I Therapy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.
The primary objective was to evaluate the short- and long-term toxic effects of radioiodine ((131)I) therapy on bone marrow function in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. The secondary objective was to define characteristics of patients at risk for impaired bone marrow function after (131)I treatment. ⋯ Posttreatment platelets and leukocytes were transiently decreased compared with pretreatment values in a general DTC population. Cumulative (131)I dose was independently associated with thrombocytopenia. Platelets and leukocytes normalized to baseline levels 5 years after treatment, implying that in most patients the clinical effects of bone marrow toxicity are limited.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialEarly Increases in Bile Acids Post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Are Driven by Insulin-Sensitizing, Secondary Bile Acids.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and resolution of diabetes. Over the last decade, it has become well accepted that this resolution of diabetes occurs before significant weight loss; however, the mechanisms behind this effect remain unknown and could represent novel therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes. Bile acids have been identified as putative mediators of these weight loss-independent effects. ⋯ Overall findings suggest that bacterially derived bile acids may mediate the early improvements at 1 month after RYGB. Future studies should examine the changes in specific bile acid chemical species after bariatric procedures and bile acid-specific signaling changes.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2015
Seasonal Variability in Vitamin D Levels No Longer Detectable in Primary Hyperparathyroidism.
Seasonal variability in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH levels in the general population has been associated with differences in bone turnover markers, bone density, and fracture risk. Seasonal variability in 25(OH)D and PTH levels has also been reported in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). ⋯ We found no evidence of seasonal variation in 25(OH)D levels or PHPT disease severity in the Northeastern United States. This change is likely due to widespread high vitamin D supplement intake, which has resulted in better vitamin D status among supplement users and can mask the effect of season on serum 25(OH)D levels.