Journal of the neurological sciences
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To investigate volumetric changes of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces after shunt surgery in shunt-responsive idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), and correlations between the changes and postoperative clinical improvements. ⋯ The volumes of the cerebral hemisphere and infratentorial brain did not change significantly after shunt surgery (p=0.231, 0.109, respectively). The volumes of the ventricles and infrasylvian subarachnoid CSF spaces were significantly decreased (p<0.0001, <0.05, respectively), with a mean change rate of -26.1% and -4.5%, respectively. The volumes of the suprasylvian subarachnoid CSF spaces increased significantly (p<0.0001), with a mean change rate of 43.5%. The decrease in ventricular volumes was significantly correlated with clinical improvement.
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Case Reports
Subclavian steal syndrome secondary to Takayasu arteritis in a young female Caucasian patient.
Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is most frequently described in Caucasians aged over 50 years because of increased incidence of atherosclerosis in this population. Non-atherosclerotic etiologies of SSS are rare in Caucasians. We present a case of Subclavian Steal Syndrome secondary to Takayasu Arteritis (TA) in a 26 year-old female Caucasian patient. The present case underscores that despite the very low incidence of TA in Caucasians (0.8/1,000,000), this large-vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome in Caucasian women aged less than 40 years.
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Fibroblast growth factors are important regulators of neuronal development. In this study, we observed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampus proper (CA1-3 regions) of the gerbil at various time points after ischemia/reperfusion. In the sham-operated group, FGFR1 immunoreaction was not detected in the hippocampus proper. ⋯ From 2days after ischemia/reperfusion, FGFR1 immunoreaction was found in astrocytes, not in microglial cells, in the CA1 region: FGFR1 immunoreactivity and the number of astrocytes were significantly increased at 5days post-ischemia. Western blot analysis revealed that FGFR1 protein levels were also increased from 1day after ischemia/reperfusion. These results indicate that increase of FGFR1 in astrocytes of the ischemic CA1 region may be associated with gliosis followed by delayed neuronal death.