Ginekol Pol
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We have presented a case of prenatal double aortic arch, diagnosed by ultrasound, to demonstrate the importance of 3-vessel view by detecting aortic arch abnormalities. Double aortic arch is one the most common types of the vascular ring. The suspicion of a double aortic arch is raised by detecting the U-sign which is formed by the combination of both aortic arches and the left ductus arteriosus. ⋯ The 4-chamber view appears normal, but the descending aorta is deviated medially. Literature review revealed an association between double aortic arch and congenital heart diseases in approximately 20% of cases; most often tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, ventricular septal defects. Rarely there can be atresia of the segment of the aortic arch, which can be difficult to differentiate from other aortic arch anomalies associated with chromosomal abnormalities such as microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.
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To establish if and to what extend women find the time of waiting for an elective gynecological operation difficult, how it is manifested and what the conditioning factors are. ⋯ 1. Waiting for elective gynecological operation may create a difficult situation for many women what was confirmed by a vast number and nature of their concerns, frequent expectations of emotional support and search for additional information about their disease. 2. Problems with being admitted to a health care institution and long period of waiting for the operation (> 1 month) are quite common and these factors may contribute to further worsening of the quality of patients' life during the preoperative period. 3. Demographic parameters assumed for the purpose of this analysis do not differentiate the parameters tested, with the exception of the place of inhabitance factor that turned out to be associated with the expectations of emotional support. 4. The degree of hospital reference significantly differentiates tested parameters.