The Journal of pediatrics
-
The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA multicenter randomized trial comparing two surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.
To compare the efficacy of two surfactants, Exosurf Neonatal (Burroughs Wellcome Co.) and Survanta (Ross Laboratories), for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. ⋯ We found no difference between treatment groups in the incidence of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, although we did observe a difference in the initial response to treatment as measured by FIO2 and MAP.
-
The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialChlorpromazine with and without lorazepam as antiemetic therapy in children receiving uniform chemotherapy.
We prospectively studied the efficacy and adverse effects of chlorpromazine (30 mg/m2 given intravenously) plus lorazepam (0.04 mg/kg given intravenously) versus chlorpromazine alone in a controlled, double-blind, randomized, parallel-design investigation in 25 children (1.5 to 17.3 years of age) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Response to other antiemetics in eight children refusing random assignment to treatment was also evaluated. All children were receiving intravenous infusions of teniposide plus cytarabine, the pharmacokinetics of which were characterized for each of the one to four courses. ⋯ An exploratory pharmacodynamic analysis revealed that the only variable that correlated with vomiting was cytarabine 1 1/2-hour plasma concentration (p = 0.007). Children who received either chlorpromazine plus lorazepam or chlorpromazine alone had fewer episodes of vomiting than those who received "conventional" antiemetic therapy (6.0 vs 8.6; p = 0.01). We conclude that the severity of emesis is related to the plasma concentration of cytarabine; that intravenously administered chlorpromazine is as effective as chlorpromazine plus lorazepam in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting; and that the potential for adverse effects with the addition of lorazepam may be a disadvantage.