The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyResuscitation of preterm infants with different inspired oxygen fractions.
To test the hypothesis that an initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 30% during resuscitation of preterm infants results in less oxidative stress and is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with an FiO2 of 65%. ⋯ Initial supplementation of preterm infants with 30% oxygen during the fetal-to-neonatal transition is as safe as 65% oxygen, with no differences in oxidative stress markers or BPD.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jun 2014
Comparative StudyBisphenol A exposure is associated with decreased lung function.
To examine the associations of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure with lung function measures and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children. ⋯ BPA exposure was associated with a modest decrease in %FEF2575 (small airway function) and %FEV1/FVC (pulmonary obstruction) but not FEV1, FVC, or FeNO. Explanations of the association cannot rule out the possibility of reverse causality.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jun 2014
Comparative StudyParental history of adenotonsillectomy is associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity in children with snoring.
To test the hypothesis that history of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy (AT) in at least 1 of the parents during childhood, is a risk factor for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] >5 episodes/hour) in the offspring with snoring. ⋯ Among children with snoring who are referred for polysomnography by primary care physicians, those with tonsillar hypertrophy and parental history of AT have increased risk of moderate-to-severe OSA and represent 1 of the subgroups that should be prioritized for a sleep study in settings with limited resources.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jun 2014
Utility of head computed tomography in children with a single extremity fracture.
To determine the clinical and forensic utility of head computed tomography (CT) in children younger than 2 years of age with an acute isolated extremity fracture and an otherwise-negative skeletal survey. ⋯ In young children who present with an isolated extremity fracture, clinicians should consider obtaining head CT in those who are younger than 12 months of age, have proximal extremity fractures, or who have previous evaluations for nonaccidental trauma. Evaluation with head CT in children without these risk factors may be low yield.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jun 2014
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyEffect of Hispanic ethnicity and language barriers on appendiceal perforation rates and imaging in children.
To determine the association between Hispanic ethnicity and limited English proficiency (LEP) and the rates of appendiceal perforation and advanced radiologic imaging (computed tomography and ultrasound) in children with abdominal pain. ⋯ Hispanic ethnicity with LEP is an important risk factor for appendiceal perforation in pediatric patients brought to the emergency department with possible appendicitis. Among patients with moderate clinical severity, Hispanic ethnicity with LEP appears to be associated with lower imaging rates. This effect of English proficiency and Hispanic ethnicity warrants further investigation to understand and overcome barriers, which may lead to increased appendiceal perforation rates and differential diagnostic evaluation.