The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA double-blind clinical trial comparing World Health Organization oral rehydration solution with a reduced osmolarity solution containing equal amounts of sodium and glucose.
To compare the safety and efficacy of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 75 mmol/L of sodium and glucose each with the standard World Health Organization (WHO) ORS among Egyptian children with acute diarrhea. ⋯ The reduced osmolarity ORS has beneficial effects on the clinical course of acute diarrhea in children by reducing stool output, and the proportion of children with vomiting during the rehydration phase, and by reducing the need for supplemental intravenous therapy. These results provide support for the use of a reduced osmolarity ORS in children with acute noncholera diarrhea.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jan 1996
Multicenter StudyVariability in duration of stay in pediatric intensive care units: a multiinstitutional study.
Development of a statistical model to predict length of stay (LOS) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) that adjusts for patient-related risk factors at admission. ⋯ The predictor can be used to adjust LOS in PICUs for patient-related risk factors, enabling the comparison of resource utilization among different institutions. Organizational factors known to foster team-oriented care are associated with shorter LOS, whereas increased relative PICU size may pose an incentive to keep PICU beds occupied longer.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Dec 1995
Comparative StudyEffect of transfusion in acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease.
To study the effects of transfusion on the clinical course and oxygenation indexes of children with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome. ⋯ Blood transfusion, even simple transfusion of packed erythrocytes, significantly improves oxygenation in children with acute chest syndrome and is a valuable adjunct to therapy.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialDiscontinuing penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell anemia. Prophylactic Penicillin Study II.
To evaluate the consequences of discontinuing penicillin prophylaxis at 5 years of age in children with sickle cell anemia who had received prophylactic penicillin for much of their lives. ⋯ Children with sickle cell anemia who have not had a prior severe pneumococcal infection or a splenectomy and are receiving comprehensive care may safely stop prophylactic penicillin therapy at 5 years of age. Parents must be aggressively counseled to seek medical attention for all febrile events in children with sickle cell anemia.