The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialPilot randomized trial of hydrocortisone in ventilator-dependent extremely preterm infants: effects on regional brain volumes.
To test the hypothesis that high-risk ventilator-dependent extremely low birth weight (birth weight ≤1000 g) infants treated with 7 days of hydrocortisone will have larger total brain tissue volumes than placebo treated infants. ⋯ Low dose hydrocortisone in high-risk ventilator-dependent infants after a week of age had no discernible effect on regional brain volumes or pulmonary outcomes prior to neonatal intensive care unit discharge.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 2013
Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis-clinical analysis and novel findings in a series of 20 patients.
To report the clinical features of 20 pediatric patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. ⋯ The initial symptoms of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis vary from those of the adults (more neurologic and less psychiatric in children), the development of a mono-symptomatic illness is extremely rare (except in relapses), and most patients respond to treatment. Our study suggests a link between post herpes simplex encephalitis choreoathetosis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 2013
Effect of nasal continuous and biphasic positive airway pressure on lung volume in preterm infants.
To monitor regional changes in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), tidal volumes, and their ventilation distribution during different levels of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and nasal biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in stable preterm infants. ⋯ Increasing nCPAP in the range of 2 to 6 cmH2O results in a homogeneous increase in EELV and an increase in tidal volume in preterm infants with a more physiologic ventilation distribution. Unsynchronized BiPAP does not improve tidal volume compared with nCPAP.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 2013
Acute kidney injury in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia.
To test the hypothesis that acute kidney injury (AKI) would be independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ⋯ We used the Acute Kidney Injury Network definition for AKI in asphyxiated newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia to demonstrate that the incidence of AKI remains high, but lower than rates published before the advent of therapeutic hypothermia. We highlight the importance of recognizing AKI in asphyxiated newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, along with the potential benefits of early recognition.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 2013
Alarming signs in the Manchester triage system: a tool to identify febrile children at risk of hospitalization.
To assess whether the flowcharts and discriminators of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) can be used as indicators of alarming signs of serious febrile illness to predict the risk of hospitalization for febrile children who present at the emergency department (ED). ⋯ By alternatively using the flowcharts and discriminators of the MTS as alarming signs, rather than urgency classifiers, the MTS can function as a simple, readily available tool to identify febrile children at risk of hospitalization early in the care process. This knowledge may help to improve ED throughput times as well as admission and discharge management at pediatric EDs.