J Reprod Med
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Multicenter Study
Risk factors for third-degree perineal tears in vaginal delivery, with an analysis of episiotomy types.
To determine the risk factors for third-degree perineal tears during vaginal delivery and to investigate the relation between different types of episiotomy and the occurrence of such tears. ⋯ We found several risk factors for third-degree perineal tears. The use of midline episiotomy was associated especially with an increased risk of severe anal sphincter tears. To prevent women from long-term sequelae due to third-degree perineal tears, avoidable risk factors should be minimized whenever possible.
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To determine if there were differences in a medical student's subjective grade and obstetric-gynecologic (OB/GYN) test scores based upon the student's site of rotation, hospital type or presence of OB/GYN residents. ⋯ Students trained at a university hospital were less likely to have test scores lower than their subjective grades. Subjective assessments made in the presence of OB/GYN residents reduced the likelihood of a final grade reduction.
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Umbilical cord prolapse is an uncommon obstetric emergency. ⋯ To the authors' knowledge, this case entailed the longest reported interval from diagnosis of umbilical cord prolapse to delivery.