Bmc Med Res Methodol
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Bmc Med Res Methodol · Sep 2014
Characteristics of a loop of evidence that affect detection and estimation of inconsistency: a simulation study.
The assumption of consistency, defined as agreement between direct and indirect sources of evidence, underlies the increasingly popular method of network meta-analysis. This assumption is often evaluated by statistically testing for a difference between direct and indirect estimates within each loop of evidence. However, the test is believed to be underpowered. We aim to evaluate its properties when applied to a loop typically found in published networks. ⋯ The study gives insight into the conditions under which the statistical test can detect important inconsistency in a loop of evidence. Although different methods to estimate the uncertainty of the mean effect may improve the test performance, this study suggests that the test has low power for the 'typical' loop. Investigators should interpret results very carefully and always consider the comparability of the studies in terms of potential effect modifiers.