The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Maldigestion and colonic fermentation of wheat bread in humans and the influence of dietary fat.
A fraction of wheat bread is malabsorbed in healthy humans. The malabsorbed fraction is bigger than what can be accounted for by in vitro measurements of dietary fibers and resistant starch. To determine whether it is a specific fraction defined by the structure of the starch molecule or a variable amount--which depends on the individual, the amount ingested, and other components of the meal--we performed a dose-response study on wheat bread in healthy human volunteers. ⋯ We conclude that the malabsorbed fraction of wheat bread was dependent on the amount ingested, the composition of the meal, and individual gastrointestinal handling. Fermentation of wheat bran resulted in a very low breath-hydrogen response compared with lactulose or wheat bread. Addition of 11 g butter to the bread seemed to increase the malabsorbed fraction of the starch, an effect that was abolished when the amount of butter was increased to 26 g.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Does vegetable oil attenuate the beneficial effects of fish oil in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Contradictory reports on the protective effect of fish consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk could be due to variations in the intake of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolic competition between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs suggests that n-6 PUFAs in vegetable oils could attenuate the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in fish oil to favorably alter endpoints relevant to CVD risk. We determined the effects of varying dietary amounts of fish oil on lipid and thrombotic endpoints relevant to risk factors for CVD and whether these effects were attenuated by vegetable oils. ⋯ The suppression of plasma triacylglycerols by fish oil was not affected by varying amounts of dietary n-6 PUFAs. Fibrinogen concentrations decreased with 15 g but not with 9 g fish oil/d fed at the same ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs. The efficacy of fish oil in favorably modifying certain risk factors for CVD was not attenuated by vegetable oil.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of milk viscosity on gastric emptying and lactose intolerance in lactose maldigesters.
The possibility of delaying gastric emptying and improving lactose digestion and tolerance by increasing milk viscosity was studied in 13 lactose maldigesters who ingested three test milks with different viscosities (range: 33-1892 mPa.s) in random order at intervals of 1 wk. Each test portion was 500 mL and provided approximately equal to 1900 kJ and 18 g lactose. The different viscosities were obtained by adding varying proportions of rice starch and maltodextrin to a basic milk formula. ⋯ The milks were well tolerated; > 50% of the subjects reported nondisturbing symptoms or none. We conclude that gastric emptying, orocecal transit time, and lactose digestion and tolerance were not affected by altering milk viscosity. This may have been due to the high energy content of the test milks, which in itself led to slow gastric emptying.