The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Dietary calcium, calcium supplementation, and blood pressure in African American adolescents.
Intake of calcium from the diet is inversely associated with blood pressure in observational studies and animal models but randomized trials in humans have found only small effects of calcium supplementation on blood pressure. A blood pressure-lowering effect of calcium supplementation may thus be restricted to persons with a low intake of calcium from the diet and specific genetic or other characteristics. ⋯ These findings suggest that calcium supplementation may lower diastolic blood pressure in African American adolescents with low dietary intakes of calcium.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men.
The gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after food intake. GLP-1 has been shown to have an incretin effect and inhibits gastrointestinal motility in humans. In rats, intracerebral administration of GLP-1 results in reduced food intake. ⋯ Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were reduced during the GLP-1 infusion, but the amount of energy consumed, eating rate, and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were unchanged. GLP-1 given exogenously at the start of a meal did not seem to affect meal termination or the amount of food eaten. However, postprandial feelings of hunger decreased, suggesting that exogenous GLP-1 may influence feelings of hunger and satiety in humans.