The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Critically ill patients are characterized by a hypermetabolic state, a catabolic response, higher nutritional needs, and a decreased capacity for utilization of parenteral substrate. ⋯ Critically ill children are hypermetabolic and in negative NB. In this population, fat is used preferentially for oxidation and carbohydrate is utilized poorly. A high carbohydrate intake was associated with lipogenesis and less fat oxidation, a negative NB was associated with high oxidation rates for protein, and a high protein intake was associated with a positive NB.
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Abdominal obesity is associated with coronary risk, although causality is not well established. ⋯ The differences found in the composition and metabolism of perivisceral, omental, and subcutaneous fats may indicate that their atherogenic capacities also differ.