The American journal of clinical nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial.
Reductions in iodine and zinc deficiencies and improvements in hemoglobin were achieved from a micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder consumed in school lunches by children in northeast Thailand. ⋯ The beneficial effects on morbidity and visual recall over a short period, in addition to some biochemical improvements, highlight the potential of this micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder supplied in a school lunch. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as ACTRN12605000341628.
-
Multicenter Study
Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.
Recent studies suggest dairy consumption and associated nutrients may be protective against some of the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). ⋯ Various dairy products may have differential associations with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Ethnic differences in dairy consumption may explain in part the ethnic disparities in metabolic disorders in the US population.
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The binding of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to PPARA results in rapid changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation, with long-chain n-3 fatty acids being potent activators of PPARA. ⋯ Findings from the current study suggest that PPARA 3'UTR SNPs modulate the association between lipid concentrations and dietary n-6 fatty acid intake (in whites) and long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake (in African Americans) such that persons with homozygous variant genotypes have significantly lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol measures when consuming higher quantities of n-6 or long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
-
Several studies reported increased adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery in patients with low body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). Little is known yet, however, about the effect of preoperative unintended weight loss (UWL) in cardiac surgery patients. ⋯ From this study, we recommend special attention for cardiac surgery patients with preoperative >or=10%UWLin6m or BMI
-
Few studies have assessed global nutritional assessment tools and body-composition measurements in gynecologic cancer patients. ⋯ The PG-SGA is significantly associated with subjective and objective parameters and is a widely recognized, clinically relevant method of evaluating nutritional status. It therefore seems most appropriate for identifying malnourishment in gynecologic cancer patients.