The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Bolus tube feeding suppresses food intake and circulating ghrelin concentrations in healthy subjects in a short-term placebo-controlled trial.
Previous investigations suggest continuous tube feeding (TF) schedules do not suppress appetite and food intake, but bolus TF has been little studied. ⋯ In this short-term study, subjects maintained appetite ratings during bolus TF by a significant reduction in food intake and changes in ghrelin and some appetite mediators related to subsequent daily food intake. Longer-term studies are required to fully ascertain the effect of TF on appetite, food intake, and appetite mediators.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial.
Studies suggest cardioprotective benefits of dark chocolate containing cocoa. ⋯ The acute ingestion of both solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa improved endothelial function and lowered blood pressure in overweight adults. Sugar content may attenuate these effects, and sugar-free preparations may augment them.
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Limited evidence is available about the relations between sodium and potassium intakes and cardiovascular disease in the general population. ⋯ A high sodium intake and a low potassium intake may increase the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease.