The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of iron supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the absence of anemia. ⋯ Limited available evidence suggests that iron supplementation in infants may positively influence children's psychomotor development, whereas it does not seem to alter their mental development or behavior.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute partial sleep deprivation increases food intake in healthy men.
Acute partial sleep deprivation increases plasma concentrations of ghrelin and decreases those of leptin. ⋯ One night of reduced sleep subsequently increased food intake and, to a lesser extent, estimated physical activity-related energy expenditure in healthy men. These experimental results, if confirmed by long-term energy balance measurements, suggest that sleep restriction could be a factor that promotes obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00986492.
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Obesity affects almost one-third of pregnant women and causes many complications, including neural tube defects. It is not clear whether the risk of congenital heart defects, the most common malformations, is also increased. ⋯ Obese, but not overweight, women are at significantly increased risk of bearing children with a range of congenital heart defects, and the risk increases with increasing BMI. Weight reduction as a way to reduce risk should be investigated.