The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Clinical Trial Observational Study
Index-based dietary patterns and risk of head and neck cancer in a large prospective study.
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although diet has been proposed to play an important role in HNC, few associations with diet have been convincing other than alcohol intake. Studies of dietary patterns that examine overall diets may provide broader insight than studies of individual foods. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and risk of HNC. ⋯ HEI-2005 and aMED scores were associated inversely with risk of HNC. Large interventional studies are required to assess the causality before conveying definite public health messages.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Dose response to vitamin D supplementation in African Americans: results of a 4-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Association studies have suggested that lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in African Americans may partially underlie higher rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer in this population. Nonetheless, the relation between vitamin D supplementation and 25(OH)D concentrations in African Americans remains undefined. ⋯ Within African Americans, an estimated 1640 IU vitamin D₃/d was required to achieve concentrations of plasma 25(OH)D recommended by the Institute of Medicine, whereas 4000 IU/d was needed to reach concentrations predicted to reduce cancer and cardiovascular disease risk in prospective observational studies. These results may be helpful for informing future trials of disease prevention.