The American journal of clinical nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Use of a concentrated enteral nutrition solution to increase calorie delivery to critically ill patients: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
Critically ill patients typically receive ∼60% of estimated calorie requirements. ⋯ The substitution of a 1.0- with a 1.5-kcal/mL enteral nutrition solution administered at the same rate resulted in a 46% greater calorie delivery without adverse effects. The results support the conduct of a large-scale trial to evaluate the effect of increased calorie delivery on clinically important outcomes in the critically ill.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonism on appetite and food intake in healthy men.
Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits eating in healthy, overweight, and diabetic subjects. ⋯ GLP-1 receptor antagonism slightly modulates appetite during ad libitum eating, but food and fluid intakes and meal duration remain unchanged, suggesting that endogenous GLP-1 is a weak satiation signal. However, concomitant substantial increases in plasma PYY and glucagon may counteract a desatiating effect of ex9-39. The effect of ex9-39 on PYY secretion supports an autoinhibitory feedback mechanism that controls L cell secretion; the effect on insulin and glucagon confirms the role of GLP-1 in glycemic control through its action on pancreatic α and β cells.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial.
Higher whole-grain (WG) intake is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, there is inconsistent clinical evidence with regard to the benefit of WGs compared with refined grains (RGs) on MetS. ⋯ Replacing RGs with WGs within a weight-loss diet does not beneficially affect abdominal AT loss and has modest effects on markers of MetS. WGs appear to be effective at normalizing blood glucose concentrations, especially in those individuals with prediabetes.
-
Through the processes of oxidation, polymerization, and hydrogenation, the cooking method of frying modifies both foods and their frying medium. However, it remains unknown whether the frequent consumption of fried foods is related to long-term cardiometabolic health. ⋯ Frequent fried-food consumption was significantly associated with risk of incident T2D and moderately with incident CAD, and these associations were largely mediated by body weight and comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.