The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Total red meat intake of ≥0.5 servings/d does not negatively influence cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systemically searched meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Observational associations between red meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. There are limited comprehensive analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of red meat consumption on CVD risk factors. ⋯ The results from this systematically searched meta-analysis of RCTs support the idea that the consumption of ≥0.5 servings of total red meat/d does not influence blood lipids and lipoproteins or blood pressures.
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Evidence on the association between dietary patterns, measures of hip bone geometry, and subsequent fracture risk are scarce. ⋯ The fruit, vegetables, and dairy pattern might be associated with lower fracture risk because of high BMD, high bending strength, and more stable bones. The sweets, animal fat, and low meat pattern might be associated with higher fracture risk because of widened, unstable bones, independently of BMD. Dietary recommendations associated with bone geometry in addition to BMD might influence risk of fractures.
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The state of the economy, changes in federal food assistance programs, and policies related to nutrition and the food supply in the United States may influence dietary quality in children and adolescents. ⋯ Although HEI-2010 scores in children and adolescents improved steadily, the overall dietary quality remained poor. Participants in the SNAP and participants in the National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, or both have lower dietary quality than do nonparticipants. Future policy interventions are needed to continue improvement in dietary quality and to address disparities.
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There has been increased recognition that prenatal or perinatal nutrition has an effect on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, although studies that have directly examined whether the effect could be transmitted to the next generation remain sparse. ⋯ Prenatal exposure to famine remarkably increases hyperglycemia risk in 2 consecutive generations of Chinese adults independent of known T2D risk factors, which supports the notion that prenatal nutrition plays an important role in the development of T2D across consecutive generations of Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-ECH-13003644.