The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of a lifestyle intervention on bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a randomized trial.
The positive association between body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) is well documented; in contrast, the effect of changes in body weight on BMD is not well understood, particularly, in normal-weight populations. ⋯ The intervention group, who modified their lifestyle to lose weight, had a higher rate of BMD loss at the hip and lumbar spine than did the weight-stable control group. Recommendations for weight loss must be made with consideration that such an endorsement may result in BMD loss.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in healthy subjects.
Elevations of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich plasma lipoproteins and suppressions of HDL-cholesterol concentrations are considered potentially atherogenic. Long-term studies have shown beneficial effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (eg, oleic acid) on fasting lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in humans. A direct stimulatory effect of oleic acid on the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was shown in animal studies. ⋯ Olive oil induced lower triacylglycerol concentrations and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations than butter, without eliciting differences in concentrations of glucose, insulin, or fatty acids. Furthermore, olive oil induced higher concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP than did butter, which may point to a relation between fatty acid composition, incretin responses, and triacylglycerol metabolism in the postprandial phase.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of indirect calorimetry, the Fick method, and prediction equations in estimating the energy requirements of critically ill patients.
Accurate measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) is helpful in determining the energy needs of critically ill patients requiring nutritional support. Currently, the most accurate clinical tool used to measure REE is indirect calorimetry, which is expensive, requires trained personnel, and has significant error at higher inspired oxygen concentrations. ⋯ These data do not support previous findings showing a strong correlation between REE determined by the Fick method and other prediction equations and indirect calorimetry. In critically ill patients receiving TPN, indirect calorimetry, if available, remains the most appropriate clinical tool for accurate measurement of REE.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of daily and weekly micronutrient supplementation on micronutrient deficiencies and growth in young Vietnamese children.
Micronutrient deficiencies remain common in preschool children in developing countries. Interventions focus on single micronutrients and often lack effectiveness. Weekly instead of daily supplementation may improve effectiveness. ⋯ Weekly and daily supplementation improved hemoglobin, zinc, and retinol concentrations similarly. Neither intervention affected growth of the overall population, but growth of children stunted at baseline was improved through both types of supplementation.
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Comparative Study
Energy expenditure of young Polynesian and European women in New Zealand and relations to body composition.
Reduced energy expenditure and excessive energy intake have been hypothesized to cause obesity. New Zealanders of Polynesian origin have a higher prevalence of obesity than do those of European origin. ⋯ Care should be taken in applying "Caucasian norms" relating to energy expenditure to NZ Polynesian people.