The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Observational Study
Obesity paradox in cancer: new insights provided by body composition.
Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), appears to have a paradoxical protective effect in several chronic diseases. ⋯ The obesity paradox is present in cancer patients only when obesity is defined by BMI. Patients with sarcopenic obesity had the poorest prognosis. Cancer patients with high mortality risk can be identified by a body-composition assessment.
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Seafood is part of a healthy diet, but seafood can also contain methyl mercury-a neurotoxin. ⋯ Most US adults consume seafood, and the blood mercury concentration is associated with the consumption of tuna, salmon, high-mercury fish, and other seafood.
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Clinical Trial
Estimating daily energy expenditure in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience progressive limb weakness, muscle atrophy, and dysphagia, making them vulnerable to insufficient energy intake. Methods to estimate energy requirements have not been devised for this patient group. ⋯ Our results emphasize the importance of physical function and body composition in estimating TDEE. Our predictive equations can serve as a basis for recommending placement of a feeding gastrostomy in ALS patients who fail to meet their energy requirements by oral intake.
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Whether the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality for older adults is the same as for younger adults is unclear. ⋯ For older populations, being overweight was not found to be associated with an increased risk of mortality; however, there was an increased risk for those at the lower end of the recommended BMI range for adults. Because the risk of mortality increased in older people with a BMI <23.0, it would seem appropriate to monitor weight status in this group to address any modifiable causes of weight loss promptly with due consideration of individual comorbidities.
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Clinical Trial Observational Study
Index-based dietary patterns and risk of head and neck cancer in a large prospective study.
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although diet has been proposed to play an important role in HNC, few associations with diet have been convincing other than alcohol intake. Studies of dietary patterns that examine overall diets may provide broader insight than studies of individual foods. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and risk of HNC. ⋯ HEI-2005 and aMED scores were associated inversely with risk of HNC. Large interventional studies are required to assess the causality before conveying definite public health messages.