The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Dietary fat content alters insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in healthy men.
A high dietary fat intake is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. ⋯ A high-fat, low-carbohydrate intake reduces the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and alters the relation between oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal in a way that favors storage of glucose.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of perioperative nutrition, with and without arginine supplementation, on nutritional status, immune function, postoperative morbidity, and survival in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients.
Malnourished head and neck cancer patients are at increased risk of postoperative complications. ⋯ Nine days of preoperative tube feeding, with or without arginine, did not significantly improve nutritional status, reduce the surgery-induced immune suppression, or affect clinical outcome in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients. Patients supplemented with arginine-enriched nutrition tended to live longer. Some markers of immune function may distinguish patients with good or bad prognoses.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study.
Prospective data relating fruit and vegetable intake to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are sparse, particularly for women. ⋯ These data suggest that higher intake of fruit and vegetables may be protective against CVD and support current dietary guidelines to increase fruit and vegetable intake.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
n-3 Fatty acid supplementation lowered serum triacylglycerol concentrations in studies in which most of the subjects were male. The effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have received little attention. ⋯ These results show that supplementation with a fish-oil-derived concentrate can favorably influence selected cardiovascular disease risk factors, particularly by achieving marked reductions in serum triacylglycerol concentrations and triacylglycerol:HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving HRT. This approach could potentially reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 27% in postmenopausal women.
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Little is known about the effects of the amount and type of carbohydrates on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). ⋯ These epidemiologic data suggest that a high dietary glycemic load from refined carbohydrates increases the risk of CHD, independent of known coronary disease risk factors.