Arzneimittel Forsch
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Dec 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialKetorolac tromethamine improves the analgesic effect of hyoscine butylbromide in patients with intense cramping pain from gastrointestinal or genitourinary origin.
The symptomatic treatment of pain associated with spasm of gastrointestinal or genitourinary origin can include the use of spasmolytic agents and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the evidence of a superior effectiveness of combination in comparison with individual drugs is scarce and controversial. ⋯ Conversely, when treatments were grouped by pain intensity, ketorolac/hyoscine butylbromide combination showed a significant better pain relief profile than hyoscine butylbromide alone in pain intensity ≥7, but not <7. Data indicate that the oral ketorolac/hyoscine butylbromide mixture could be a better option than hyoscine butylbromide alone in the treatment of some acute intense cramping painful conditions.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Aug 2012
ReviewParacetamol (acetaminophen) - a popular and widely used nonopioid analgesic.
For several decades paracetamol has proven its clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of various acute and chronic pain states. Whereas its pharmacokinetic properties (high oral bioavailability, good penetration into the brain, relative rapid hepatic elimination) are well known, its exact central mode of action remains to be elucidated. According to many international guidelines/recommendations paracetamol is a drug of first choice for relieving mild to moderate pain. ⋯ NSAIDs. It should be realized that the maximum daily dose is restricted to 4 g to avoid unnecessary hepatic complications. Keeping this limitation in mind paracetamol still represents a valuable first-line agent in the pharmacological management of pain.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Jul 2012
Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) against acute and chronic pain and inflammation in mice.
In this study, the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyanocobalamin (Vit B12) against acute and chronic pain and inflammation were evaluated in mice. Vit B12 (0.87, 1 and 1.77 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. The anti-nociceptive effects against acute pain were examined using hot-plate and writhing tests. ⋯ In conclusion our work presents some experimental evidence supporting the administration of cyanocobalamin in controlling acute and chronic neuropathic pain. Cyanocobalamin may have anti-inflammatory effect. It may reduce tolerance to anti-nociceptive effect of morphine as well.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Mar 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparative bioequivalence study of leflunomide tablets in Indian healthy volunteers.
The pharmacokinetics of teriflunomide [CAS No. 163451-81-8], the metabolite of leflunomide [CAS No. 75706-12-6] has been evaluated in adult human volunteers after oral administration of tablet formulation. However, no published data is available regarding the bioavailability of this in the Indian population. In light of the above, a study was designed to carry out a bioequivalence study of 2 preparations of leflunomide 20 mg in healthy Indian male volunteers.24 healthy male volunteers (age, 25±4.1 years; weight, 57.58±7.01 kg) were enrolled in this study. ⋯ The results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences between the 2 products in either the mean concentration-time profiles or in the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters. 90% confidence limits for the log transformed data of Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞. were within the acceptable range of 0.80-1.25. The results indicate that the 2 products are bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of drug absorption. Both the preparations were well tolerated with no adverse reactions throughout the study.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Feb 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of a generic formulation of exenatide: a randomized, open-label, single- and multiple-dose study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
A randomized, open-label, dose-escalating study was designed to assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of single and multiple subcutaneous administrations of exenatide in 24 healthy Chinese volunteers. The effects of gender on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide were also evaluated. Subjects were randomized to receive a single and multiple subcutaneous doses of 5 or 10 μg of exenatide. ⋯ No significant gender differences were noted for pharmacokinetic variables. Both exenatide doses were associated with significant reductions in serum glucose levels. Adverse events were mainly of gastrointestinal origin and their incidence was dose-dependent.