Int J Clin Pharm Th
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of ketorolac in children after abdominal surgery.
The pharmacokinetics of 2 doses of intravenous ketorolac (0.5 and 0.9 mg x kg-1) were studied in 14 children (age 2-8 years). A single dose of the drug was injected into the dorsum vein of one hand. Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals for 6 hours. ⋯ The distribution volume (Vdarea), the total clearance (Cltotal), and elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) were similar in both groups of children who either received 0.5 or 0.9 mg x kg-1 of ketorolac. The estimated geometric mean Vdarea, Cltotal, and t1/2 beta ratios (95% CI in parentheses) for 0.9 mg x kg-1:0.5 mg x kg-1 were 1.24 (0.82, 1.50), 1.14 (0.88, 1.23), and 1.083 (0.40, 1.81), respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters found in this study are different from those found by other authors in adult subjects.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 1997
Concentration-effect relationship of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiol and prediction of psychotropic effects after smoking marijuana.
On the basis of a publication by Cochetto et al. [1981] we performed simulations of the effect-time course (high-rating) after smoking marijuana. The intention was to characterize the concentration-effect relationship of THC and to provide information on how long psychotropic effects (and therefore impairment of cognitive or motoric functions) last after intake of a cannabinoid product. The parameter estimates (+/-SD) of the pharmacokinetic disposition and the pharmacodynamic model (sigmoidal Emax model) after smoking 1 marijuana cigarette containing 9 mg THC were as follows: T/2 alpha = 5 minutes (+/-1.2), T/2 beta = 75 minutes (+/-23), Teq (equilibrium half-life with the effect site) = 29 minutes. (+/-2), ECe50 = 7.2 ng/ml THC (+/-0.5), E0 (baseline high rating) = 18% (+/-2.0), Emax (amplitude of the high rating) = 23% (+/-2.5), Hill coefficient = 9.0 (+/-3.0). ⋯ In conclusion, our simulations show that dose and dosing interval are determinants of the duration of the psychotropic effects of THC. These simulations may be beneficial for the interpretation of THC levels, e.g. associated with accidents or traffic violations. Furthermore, misuse of natural hemp with a low THC content seems unlikely.