Journal of psychosomatic research
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Female trauma survivors develop somatic symptoms more frequently than males. We propose a model for somatic symptom development among trauma survivors, focusing on gender. ⋯ Women have more severe somatic symptoms. With the exception of 3+ACEs, the association between trauma and somatic symptoms is amplified in both genders. Structural equation models showed the pathways differed by gender in function and strength of association.
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Exaggerated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory responses to peripheral stressors may be implicated in delirium. This study hypothesised that the IL-1β family is involved in delirium, predicting increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of elderly patients with acute hip fracture. We also hypothesised that Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) would be increased, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) would be decreased. ⋯ This study provides novel evidence of CNS inflammation involving the IL-1β family in delirium and suggests a rise in CSF IL-1β early in delirium pathogenesis. Future larger CSF studies should examine the role of CNS inflammation in delirium and its sequelae.
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This study investigated the utility of distinguishing between the frequency and intensity of self-reported symptoms using diary-based assessments in a representative sample of U.S. residents. ⋯ A useful distinction between symptom frequency and intensity may be made from diary-based assessments. It reveals demographic differences that are otherwise obscured and enables a more detailed characterization of health-related experiences in people's daily life.