Pharm World Sci
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Case Reports
Pre-emptive metoclopramide and ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with iloprost infusions.
To assess the effectiveness of ondansetron in relieving symptoms of nausea and vomiting which were refractory to metoclopramide and cyclizine, in a patient receiving iloprost infusions. ⋯ Ondansetron was found to be effective at abolishing symptoms of vomiting and partially effective against symptoms of nausea. It may prove to be a useful treatment modality to allow the patient to tolerate further infusions of iloprost where nausea and vomiting has failed to respond to other agents.
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In this article unexpected EEG findings are described which were observed during EEG monitoring under sevoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ The clinical significance of the observed EEG pattern under sevoflurane anesthesia is still unclear. Taking into consideration that convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be followed by signs of brain damage, it would appear to be important to further investigate the phenomenon.
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Nebulizers are widely used for the inhalation of drug solutions in a variety of respiratory diseases. The efficacy of nebulizer therapy is influenced by a great number of factors, including the design of the device and the characteristics of the drug solution. Incorrect cleaning, maintenance and disinfection procedures may change the nebulizer performance in time, whereas patient factors can influence the lung deposition of the generated aerosol. ⋯ This is partly due to the fact that, at present, drug solutions for nebulizers cannot be administered efficiently within a short period of time. More efficient systems should be developed. If possible, nebulizers should be substituted to more efficient systems, e.g. dry powder inhalers or metered dose inhalers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Pilot study in humans on the pharmacokinetics and safety of propofol 6% SAZN.
In a pilot study on the first application of Propofol 6% SAZN in humans, the pharmacokinetics and safety of the new product seem to be similar to those of Propofol 1% SAZN and Diprivan-10 after bolus injection. The results will have to be confirmed in a larger clinical study in order to develop Propofol 6% SAZN as an alternative for Diprivan-10.
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Various local anesthetics as in lidocaine ointment, amethocaine cream and EMLA cream are used topically for minor invasive interventions, such as venipuncture, both in children and adults. Since neonates have a nervous system that, albeit immature, enables them to feel pain, analgesia for these procedures is also indicated. Several studies in neonates have been carried out to establish effectiveness and safety of topically applied local anesthetics. These studies are reviewed in order to assess effectiveness and safety. ⋯ The articles reviewed are non conclusive in their results of effective analgesia. Due to a lipophilic base form and a hydrophilic matrix EMLA cream is most effective. An application time of 30 minutes is recommended. In spite of the present precautions due to fear of methemoglobinemia, use of EMLA cream proved to be safe when used once a day. Since the clinical situation often requires more than one application a day, more research is needed to establish a safe and effective local anesthetic which can be applied topically several times a day in the neonate.