Pharmacol Rep
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Comparative Study
Partial lesion of the dopaminergic innervation of the ventral striatum induces "depressive-like" behavior of rats.
Depression is a frequent comorbid disorder in Parkinson's disease (PD) which may precede appearance of its motor symptoms by several years. Pathomechanisms underlying PD have been suggested to be responsible for the PD-related depression. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of a partial lesion of striatal dopaminergic terminals on the "depressive-like" behavior of rats in the forced swimming test (FS). 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected bilaterally into the ventro-lateral region of the caudate-putamen (CP) (3.75 μg/2.5 μl/side). ⋯ Levels of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA were decreased in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) 2 weeks after 6-OHDA but were not changed in the CP, frontal cortex (FCX) and substantia nigra (SN). No significant effect of 6-OHDA on tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in the CP and NAC were found. The present study indicates that a relatively small lesion of dopaminergic terminals in the ventral striatum, which does not produce any motor disturbances, may induce "depressive-like" symptoms.
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In clinical practice, using the lowest doses of drugs for anesthesia or analgesia is the main goal. Opioid combinations with local anesthetics can be preferable for achieving adequate anesthesia or analgesia. The primary purpose of this study was to examine possible thermal antinociceptive effects of the opioid -fentanyl and the amide local anesthetics levobupivacaine and lidocaine when locally administered alone or in combination. ⋯ However, in the presence of fentanyl, the effects of levobupivacaine and lidocaine were different. Although co-injection of levobupivacaine with fentanyl both enhanced and prolonged antinociceptive action, the lidocaine-fentanyl combination did not significantly change the paw withdrawal latency. These results suggest that intraplantar co-administration of fentanyl with levobupivacaine, but not lidocaine, may provide more effective antinociception without increasing the dose requirements.
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Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic phytoestrogen, has been shown to activate the serine/threonine kinase 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and to stimulate insulin signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. A direct effect of RSV on neuronal insulin signaling, however, has not been demonstrated. ⋯ Compound C abrogates RSV-induced Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Thus, we demonstrate that RSV potentiates insulin signaling and glucose uptake via AMPK activation in neuronal cells.