Encephale
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In substance use disorders, the lack of empirically supported treatments and the minimal utilization of available programs indicate that innovative approaches are needed. Mindfulness based therapies have been used in addictive disorders for the last 10years. Mindfulness can be defined as the ability to focus open, non-judgmental attention to the full experience of internal and external phenomena, moment by moment. Several therapies based on mindfulness have been developed. The aim of this study is to review the existing data on the use of these programs in addictive disorders. ⋯ The first clinical studies testing mindfulness based interventions in substance use disorders have shown promising results. They must be confirmed by larger controlled randomized clinical trials. By developing a better acceptance of unusual physical sensations, thoughts about drugs and distressing emotions, mindfulness may help in reducing the risk of relapse.
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Cenesthesia and cenesthopathy have played a fundamental role in 19th and early 20th century French and German psychiatry. Cenesthesia refers to the internal, global, implicit and affective perception of one's own body. The concept of cenesthopathy was coined by Dupre and Camus in 1907 to describe a clinical entity characterized by abnormal and strange bodily sensations. ⋯ This review illustrates that the historical descriptions of cenesthesia and cenesthopathy remain relevant in contemporary neurocognitive models and more generally suggests that the comprehension of quite complex phenomena like delusion requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Stress cardiopathy, also called "Tako Tsubo" is a cardiac pathology linked to an acute coronary syndrome with electrocardiographic signs and an increase in the level of cardiac enzymes, without any abnormality on coronarography. This syndrome is secondary to great physical or mental stress. Mortality and the risk of recurrence are low. However, there is no consensus for treatment or prevention. ⋯ We know that people with a stressing job have probably more chance to suffer a myocardial infarction (the risks are 1.5 or two times greater for them). The prevalence of cardiomyopathy syndrome is 4.9% for women. These women have gone through the menopause, with a history of hypertension and anxiodepressive symptoms. However, we do not find any similar description (behavioural scheme type A) as is shown by the psychosomatic school in cases of patients who have gone through myocardial infarction. We also can question ourselves about the fact that some people can be predisposed to suffer from "Tako Tsubo" cardiomyopathy and about the existence of personality disorders. What then is the role of the psychiatrist with these patients?