The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Apr 1990
Hemodynamic response to pumpless extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Respiratory support by means of arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation driven by systemic arterial pressure, in contrast to pump-driven venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, is attractive because of its simplicity and lack of trauma to formed blood elements. Although arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been shown to improve arterial blood gases, useful levels of arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation shunt flow may exert detrimental effects on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics. Therefore the hemodynamic consequences of arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were studied in 11 dogs that were anesthetized, heparinized, and their lungs mechanically ventilated (FIO2 = 0.21) before and after induction of oleic acid pulmonary edema. ⋯ Dopamine infusion (5 micrograms/kg/min) proved to be more effective than volume expansion (15 ml/kg) in maintaining cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gases. We conclude that pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, at flow rates adequate for respiratory support, can adversely alter systemic hemodynamics. However, these effects can be beneficially modulated by a moderate dose of inotropic medication.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Apr 1990
Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations are uncommon but potentially life-threatening anomalies of infants and children. Between 1970 and 1988, 45 patients from birth to 13 years of age (23 boys and 22 girls) underwent evaluation and treatment for bronchopulmonary malformations. Thirty-seven had solitary lesions: bronchogenic cyst (n = 13), cystic adenomatoid malformation (n = 9), congenital lobar emphysema (n = 6), pulmonary sequestration (n = 6), arteriovenous malformation (n = 2), and bronchial atresia (n = 1). ⋯ Ancillary studies such as ultrasonography or computed tomography may occasionally be necessary. Combinations of the different types of bronchopulmonary malformations occurred frequently. All lesions, including symptomatic lesions in neonates, can be managed surgically soon after diagnosis.