Psychiatr Pol
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The authors present the review of basic knowledge about aetiological mechanisms of painful symptoms, especially chronic pain and give a detailed description of links between pain and depression (psychologic, biological). Depressive disorders and chronic pain often coexist. ⋯ In the course of depression various kinds of pain occur. Presently we know at least five kinds of links between depression and pain: 1) depression appeared prior to the start of pain, 2) depression is a consequence of chronic pain and stress, 3) depressive episodes cause an increase of risk of next affective episodes in patients with chronic pain, 4) psychologic factors play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms, 5) altered balance between noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways and disregulation of other neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, GABA-ergic, dopaminergic) and neuropeptides may cause chronic pain and depressive disorder.
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The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between personal and social resources and coping strategies with illness of family members with major depression in caregivers. ⋯ The results of the study indicate, that a high level of dispositional optimism and perceived emotional support play a causal role in use of active coping strategies with illness of family members.
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The goal of the research was to verify the comorbidity of difficult asthma and psychiatric disorders, their severity, the appearance of catastrophic interpretation of body sensations, and analysis of family functioning of asthmatic patients. ⋯ The research revealed that 74% of them suffered from panic disorder and 29% from depression. Family functioning of patients with difficult asthma was rather positive. In 71% of the group the specific trauma of suffering and/or death was discovered. Perhaps this trauma is etiologically connected with panic disorder, and also has an impact on the course of asthma.
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One of the factors influencing eating disorders are personality traits. The authors analyse temperament and character of healthy women. ⋯ The TCI Inventory is a useful tool, helping for a precise measurement of the difference in temperament of anorectic and bulimia patients as compared to their healthy peers.
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Main problems that await the modern Polish forensic psychiatry are presented. The most common mistakes made in forensic expertise are discussed and their causes are shown. The need for a change in the manner of teaching forensic psychiatry at an academic, as well as post graduate level to medical students/doctors as well as law officials, has been stressed. ⋯ The clearly defined status of the forensic psychiatric expert gives him a guarantee of legal defence and through this an unbiased position. Giving forensic expertise is not only part of the diagnostics in forensic psychiatry. An even layout of protection, treatment and rehabilitation of psychiatrically ill criminals has to be present in this system.